Hiljuti nägin YouTube’is ühte videot, milles väideti nagu oleks soome- ja eesti keeled pigem erinevad, kui sarnased. Kuna tegemist oli üsna suure YouTube’i kanaliga oli vastukaja sellele üsna negatiivne nii eestlaste, soomlaste kui ka teiste poolt, kes mõistavad meie keeli. Sellest sündis mul idee hakata erinevates valdkondades meie keelte sõnu võrdlema. Loomulikult on eesti- ja soome keeles mõned grammatilised ja sõnavaralised erinevused, muidu ei oleks need ju eraldi keeled, kuid leian siiski, et mõlema keele sarnasus üksteisele on suurem kui ühegi teise elava keelega.
Kuna praegu on jõulude ja uusaasta vaheline ajaperiood, on paslik võrrelda seekord just jõulude ja talvega seotud sõnu. Põhiasjad, mida tuleks meeles pidada on see, et soome k, p, t häälduvad eesti keeles g,b,d ning soome y ja eesti ü on täpselt sama täht, eesti keeles kasutatakse lihtsalt selle tähe saksa varianti. Eesti keeles olevat õ tähte pole soome keeles, selle asemel kasutatakse o, e või a tähte (näiteks, eesti keeles on sõna tõde, soome keeles totta).
I recently saw a video on YouTube that claimed that Finnish and Estonian languages were different rather than similar. Video had many comments as it was a rather large YouTube channel, but the response to it was quite negative by Estonians, Finns and others who understand our languages. This gave me the idea to start comparing the words of our languages. Of course, there are some grammatical and vocabulary differences in Estonian and Finnish, otherwise they would not be separate languages, but I find that the similarity of both languages to each other is greater than with any other living languages. Since now is the period between Christmas and New Year, it is appropriate to compare the words related to Christmas and winter this time.
The basics that must be remembered are that Finnish letters k, p, t are pronounced g, b, d in Estonian and also that Finnish letter y and Estonian letter ü are pronounced exactly the same, Estonian just uses this letter’s German variant. There is no õ letter in Finnish and o, e or a is usually used instead of õ (example: word truth in Estonian is tõde, and in Finnish totta).
EESTI KEEL / ESTONIAN | SUOMEN KIELI / FINNISH |
JÕULUD the Christmas Is probably of Proto Scandinavian origin jegwla or of Swedish origin jul. | JOULU the Christmas Is probably of Proto Scandinavian origin jegwla or of Swedish origin jul. |
NÄÄRID the New Year Comes probably from Low German niejār or Swedish nyår. The word näärid is used side by side with the word uusaasta that is a compound word which consists of words uus (new) and aasta (year). Read from the Finnish side to learn more about the word uus. The word aasta most probably comes from Proto Finnic compound word ajastaaika which means year. Finnish has the word ajastaika (year) but a more common word for year is vuosi. | UUSIVUOSI the New Year Is a compound word which consists of words uusi (new) and vuosi (year). Word uusi is of Proto Finno-Ugric origin. In Estonian uus means the same thing as Finnish uusi. Word vuosi is probably of Proto Finnic-Permic or of Proto Finno-Ugric origin. In Estonian the word for year is aasta but a word voos means annual crop yield. In addition, Estonian word tänavu (this year), comes from the older Estonian phrase tänä vootna (this year), so Estonian and Finnish probably used to use the same word for year before. |
KUUSK a spruce Probably of Proto Uralic origin. Some Estonian dialects drop the last k and say just kuus. | KUUSI a spruce Probably of Proto Uralic origin. |
KAUNISTUS a decoration Main word kaunis (beautiful) most probably comes from Proto Germanic skauniz (beautiful) and appendix -tus is a common Estonian appendix to form new words. Finnish also has the word kaunis with the same meaning. Loanword dekoratsioon is also very common which comes from French décoration. | KORISTE a decoration Most probably is an adapted loanword from French décoration. |
LUMI the snow From Proto Uralic. | LUMI the snow From Proto Uralic. |
JÕULUVANA the Santa Claus Is a compound word that literally means Christmas’ Old. See from above for the word jõulud. The word vana (old) is probably of Proto Finnic or Proto Finnic-Permic origin. In Finnish vanha means the same thing as vana in Estonian. Before the 20th century the character related to Christmas was jõulupukk/jõulusokk (Christmas’ Goat) or jõuluhani (Christmas’ Goose) depending on the region of Estonia. | JOULUPUKKI the Santa Claus Is a compound word that literally means Christmas’ Goat. See from above for the word joulu. The word pukki is probably of Low German origin buck (ram). |
TALVINE PÖÖRIPÄEV the Winter Solstice The word talv (winter) is probably of Proto Finno-Ugric origin and Finnish talvi has the same meaning. The word pöör is probably of Proto Finnic or Proto Finno-Ugric origin. Pöör can mean many things in Estonian - wooden fastening device as a precursor to button or disc, wheel or spindle device for lifting loads. In Finnish pyöra means wheel. The word päev is probably of Proto Uralic origin and is closely related to the word päikene (the Sun). | TALVIPÄIVÄNSEISAUS the Winter Solstice The word talvi (winter) is probably of Proto Finno-Ugric origin. The word päivä is probably of Proto Uralic origin and is closely related to the Estonian word päikene (the Sun) and this word is also related to the word pea/pää (head). The word seisaus (stop,stand) probably is of Proto Finno-Ugric origin. Estonian word seisatus has a similar meaning to Finnish seisaus.
|
KINK a present Probably from Low German schenke (to gift). | LAHJA the present Probably of Proto Finnic origin. Is probably related to Estonian word lahke (kind, friendly). |
JÄÄ the ice Probably of Proto Finno-Ugric origin. | JÄÄTÄ the ice Probably of Proto Finno-Ugric origin. |
Kommentaarid
Postita kommentaar